Meio- and macrofauna communities in three sandy beaches of the northern Adriatic Sea protected by artificial reefs

Interactions between meio- and macrofaunal assemblages and food availability were investigated in relation to tourism pressures on three beaches of the northern Adriatic Sea. All beaches were characterised by the presence of artificial reefs, freshwater inputs and tourism pressures. Beach sediments displayed high organic loads and low protein and chlorophyll a contributions to the bulk of the organic matter. Consequently, the organic matter was of mostly refractory composition and, thus, of scarce nutritional quality. Macrofaunal community structure and biomass were related to the quantity and nutritional quality of sedimentary organic matter, whereas meiofauna was apparently not. No relationships were found between physical variables and the metazoan communities. Most likely, the presence of artificial reefs reduced the physical impact of waves on the beach assemblages, whereas the presence of synergistic human impacts, including freshwater inputs and the tourism pressure, negatively influenced both the meio- and the macrofaunal assemblages.     

J酸清洁生产新工艺的研究

借助高压液相色谱研究了J酸清洁生产新工艺,优化了J酸制备的反应条件,按照新工艺,产品的干品含量(偶合值)高于95%,而杂质异构体γ酸含量低于0.5%,J酸对吐氏酸的总收率达76%,减少了废水的排放.     

土地利用和地形特征对袁河溶解态金属元素的影响

为研究土地利用和地形特征对袁河水体溶解态金属元素的影响,在2018年7月和2019年1月于袁河干流及支流设置38个采样点采集表层水样,测定金属元素Al、Fe、Cr、Mn、Cd、As、Tl和Ni的浓度.采用相关分析、偏最小二乘结构方程模型与方差分解等方法探讨缓冲区和子流域尺度土地利用和地形特征对金属元素的影响.结果表明:...     

原生质体融合技术选育高效菌株降解聚乙烯醇的研究

从自然界中分离得到4株能降解聚乙烯醇(PVA)的细菌,经紫外线诱变,得到两株具有单重抗药性的突变菌株S7(Str-,Kan+)和K15(Str+,Kan-),二者对PVA的去除率分别达到52%和58%。将S7和K15作为亲本菌株进行原生质体融合,并通过正交试验,对原生质体融合的条件进行优化,使融合率达到4.603×10-5。融合子F4菌株对PVA去除率达到79.9%,是原始菌株的两倍,将其培养成活性污泥后,PVA去除率可达87%,是普通活性污泥的3～4倍。     

瓦里关山大气CO本底变化

利用1992 01～2002 12期间的实测资料,分析了瓦里关全球基准站(36°17′N,100°54′E,海拔3816m)大气CO本底特征,并探讨了与源汇过程的关系.结果表明,瓦里关山大气CO体积分数本底范围与北半球平均水平基本相符,但增长趋势及年增长率波动与北半球平均状况并不完全一致,多年平均季节变化与同纬度海洋边界层(MBL)参比值以及北半球平均值也有较大差异,是所在地区多种CO源汇和大气输送共同作用的结果.瓦里关山大气CO本底观测资料既能体现亚洲内陆地域特点又具有全球代表性,辅以其它相关资料,还可进一步揭示中国内陆高原大气CO本底特征的成因.     

云的辐射强迫效应研究

利用ISCCP资料和我国实际的辐射观测资料,着重讨论了云对短波辐射的吸收、云放射的长波辐射及云的净辐射,在此基础上分析了云的辐射强迫引起的加热率和降温率,给出其全国分布图。      

Porous silica synthesis out of coal fly ash with no residue generation and complete silicon separation

● Both amorphous and crystalline silicon are completely separated from coal fly ash. ● Porous silica is synthesized out of coal fly ash. ● No residues is produced during the whole synthesis process. ● The one-step method to synthesize silica don’t need long-time reaction and aging. Ordered mesoporous silica materials exhibit enormous potential in industrial production. Since coal fly ash (CFA) is abundant in Si, it has become a green and promising way to utilize CFA by synthesizing porous silica materials. However, the stable crystalline structure of CFA limits the extraction of Si, and the residue is generated during the process of extracting Si. In this work, we proposed a no-residue method to synthesize ordered mesoporous silica out of CFA. Sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) was used to reconstruct the crystals of the CFA, and the calcined mixture then directly reacted with the precipitators. This method combined the process of Si extraction and porous material synthesis. In this method, no residue was generated and the silicon in both amorphous and crystalline phases of CFA was fully utilized. By this method, the extraction efficiency of Si was increased from 31.75% to nearly 100%. The as-synthesized mesoporous silica had a highly-ordered pore structure with a space group of la-3d, a surface area of 663.87 m²/g, a pore volume of 0.41 cm³/g, and an average pore diameter of 2.73 nm. The mechanism of crystalline transformation and material structure formation were systematically studied. This method provides a new idea to dispose of CFA and synthesize porous silica materials.     

Model-based information fusion investigation on fault isolation of subsea systems considering the interaction among subsystems and sensors

The offshore oil industry has expanded to deep water and Arctic. The harsh operating conditions (e.g., ice and strong wind) and increasing complicated system raise the occurrence likelihood of system faults. This requires timely fault isolation and management in the subsea system. However, the offshore oil industry mainly relies on humans to isolate faults based on alarms. With harsh operating conditions and increasing complicated system, this industry urgently needs research on more efficient fault isolation and cause diagnosis methods. Unfortunately, limited research is conducted on fault isolation method in the offshore oil industry. Furthermore, in industry 4.0 era, large amounts of information are obtained. This provides precondition for the application of information fusion technique which aims to improve diagnosis results. However, to the authors’ knowledge, information fusion has not been much studied in the fault isolation of the offshore oil industry. Moreover, the interaction of different subsystems contains valuable information. How the interaction of different subsystems can influence the fault diagnosis has not been explored. This paper proposes a Bayesian network (BN) based method for timely fault isolation and cause diagnosis for the offshore oil industry. The work fuses different information, and it also includes the dependency among different subsystems in the fault diagnosis. As an important alarm source, false alarms are also taken into account in the model. A case study on the subject of the subsea wellhead and chemical injection systems is conducted to demonstrate the functions and merits of the proposed method.     

基于洪水过程的农业洪灾变化遥感快速评估模型及其应用

洪涝灾情的准确测度需要同时兼顾淹没区的面积大小和淹水时长信息。利用淹没区内由水和作物等多种地物所组成的"复合水体"不同于水体的波谱时间变化特性,将不同洪灾时期的水体指数和植被指数进行信息复合,以有效凸显水体和洪涝淹没区之间的影像差异,据此进行了灾初期、峰期和中后期等3个时次受淹范围的有效识别。在此基础上,根据洪涝灾情随着淹没时长而加重以及灾区内淹水时长非均匀分布的特性,建立基于淹没时长的受淹面积不等权参与的洪灾扩展动态度指数(Variation Index of Flood,VIF)和区域灾情比较指数(Comparison Index of Flood Disaster,CIFD)两种模型,并将模型应用于鄱阳湖区2016年夏季农业洪涝灾害的时空变化遥感监测。结果显示,应用上述两种模型不仅可以准确获取鄱阳湖区本次农业洪涝灾情的演变趋势,而且能够方便地对比分析区域内不同地方的受灾程度。鄱阳湖区在2016年6月23日~7月25日期间的洪涝灾情具有由弱增强再趋弱的特征,其VIF指数由初始阶段(6月23日~7月9日)的3.75降至后续阶段(7月9日~7月23日)的1.29;鄱阳县是研究区内受灾最严重的区域,其CIFD指数值居于研究区内各受灾县市之首,该县受灾总面积以及多次被淹的灾区面积均高于其他县市。     

聚乙烯燃气管道施工焊接质量控制

随着聚乙烯管道在城镇燃气管网中的大量推广使用,由于管道输送的介质具有可燃易爆的特性,管道连接的焊接质量关系到城市燃气管网的安全稳定运行。通过介绍聚乙烯燃气管道的连接方式,分析影响聚乙烯管道焊接质量的因素,提出焊接施工中质量控制的措施。